But were afraid to ask. This is going to be very very long, but I’ve had a lot of friends ask me what they should listen to if they want to get into rap. I am going to give an exposition of some of my favorite rap artists, with character descriptions, sample lyrics, highlighted songs to check out, and top albums. The top songs are normally in descending order of quality, with the first few the best by far and then the rest of them just not particularly ordered. If you are offended by the use of asterisks to replace the letters that comprise certain racial epithets, please don’t continue reading.
Clipse
Character Description:
Clipse, in my mind, are the best rappers out right now. Clipse is a brother and brother group from Virginia Beach, Virginia. The two brothers are Malice and Pusha T, and they sound so similar that they’re hard to tell apart. But Malice is better. Clipse is noteworthy for rapping almost exclusively about selling crack. While this seems uninteresting, they come up with so many clever ways to talk about the subject that their wit shines above their limited subject matter.
Key lyrics: “Vicious with the verse, I’m as genius as Ray [Charles for you morons]/Ya’ll n****as seeing nothing on the Zenith like Ray/Black hands, white keys, ya’ll seen this I’m Ray/Got more white in the hood than the KKK/The Grand Wizard of the Almighty Blizzard.” (I’m a Hustler)
“Virginia’s for lovers/but trust there’s hate here for out of towners/Who think that they going move weight here/Ironic the same state I’m making figures at/That here’s the same land they used to hang n****as at.” (Virginia)
“It shames me to no end/to feed poison to those who could very well be my kin/But where there’s demand someone will supply/so I feed them their needs at the same time cry/Yes it pains me to see them need this/All of them lost souls and I’m their jesus/Deepest regrets and sympathies to the streets/I seen them pay for their fix when their kids couldn’t eat/And with this in mind, I still ain’t quit, and that’s how I know that I ain’t shit/My heart grieves but that’s aside from the fact/I live for my kids and theirs and them young’ns after that.” (I’m Not You)
“Uggh, another soul lost/had to make his shirt match my ox-blood Porsche/Uggh, the rims match of course/Blood hit his Timbs/It reminded me of them.” (What Happened to that Boy?)
“Zoning family, keep young’ns in them rented Camries/Door panels fool of shit and I ain’t full of shit/Reckless ass, god forbid they won’t crash/from the panel to the dash it’s four bricks of slab/Nah bitch, we don’t believe in air bags.” (I’m Not you)
Best songs: Virginia, What Up, What Happened to that Boy (technically a Birdman song but Clipse drop two amazing verses and I always skip the Birdman verse), Comedy Central (although Fabolous’ verse is really what makes it), I’m Not You (two amazing verses bookending lackluster guest appearances).
Best albums: Their mixtape, We Got it for Cheap Vol. 2, is their best lyrical work and has the best beats (samples of tons of hits). Unfortunately, it’s a collaborative effort with two artists that they work with often, Ab Liva and Sandman, and those two guys are not that good. So the album is half amazing Clipse lyrics and half unimpressive filler verses.
Lord Willin’ is their first album and absolutely amazing, but it’s less melodic and accessible for a new listener.
Hell Hath No Fury is also great and well-produced, but for a true rap fan I think it’s worse than the other two.
Fabolous
Character description: Fabolous is, in my opinion, the best technical rapper of all time. It’s him or Eminem. Fabolous gets a lot of hate because a lot of his songs are very poppy and he raps a lot about loving girls or going shopping, but if you can get over that and appreciate how good of a wordsmith he is, you’ll realize he’s a genius.
Sample lyrics: “These n****as wonder where my heat stay at/I leave n****as M.I.A. and I ain’t talking where the heat play at.” (Keepin it Gangsta)
“Soon as you get some cash they wanna bury ya/that’s why I travel with a Semi, like Eddie in “Coming to America.” (Keepin it Gangsta Remix)
“I bet you look at things from a different perspective/When you see the size of the slugs the fifth or the tech get/A couple’ll lift the detective/And make sure that the legs he use to walk around with are defective/All ya’ll n***gas do is sit on blocks and jive about who the baddest bitch and if Pac’s alive/N****a I’m in an aqua five with a button that make the roof flip back like pocket knives/Can’t knock your drive, you feeling like Rocky/Till you catch a beating like he did in Rocky five” (Now What)
“See I’m like Obama to these silly motherfuckers/And you n****as is Clintons, hillbilly motherfuckers.” (A Milli remix)
“It’s easy to look at my life and don’t see no pain/I remember having to take 3, 4 trains to re cocaine/Standing in the lobby during sleet, snow rain/Waiting for fiends with a pint of beef lo mein/Breaking days on the grind I used to be so drained/But ain’t a Saturday I wasn’t down to see Soul Train/Sometimes I didn’t see no gain/Cuz I was running Ralphies every time my tree showed stains/I was lucky I wasn’t seized or maimed/Or get shot up, standing at the cee-lo game.” (One Day)
“They call me Mr., please believe me believe me please/I put a pump in your mouth and help you breathe with ease/This guy’s in a hurry, ma I can’t fuck with you if you ain’t in my itinerary/I don’t know where dudes is buying their jewelry/That’s why your ice cream, like it’s made by Ben and Jerry/Ya’ll the type of players that be getting two-day contracts/Email snitch, got dees [D.A.s you morons] in your two-way contacts/Me I’m in the club with the new ‘Ze cognac/In them number 9 Jordans with the deuce-trey on back/The Street Family so cool we could pull bitches even if it was July and we had on wool britches.” (Comedy Central)
“I’m something like a phenomenon/but still dumping whenever the drama’s on/ya’ll hustlers can’t eat fit meals/and it feels something like when it’s Ramadan.” (Not Give a Fuck)
“I address the haters/and underestimaters/and ride up on them like they escalators/they shooked up and hooked up to respirators/on their last breath talking to investigators.” (Breathe)
“Getting stressed by these hotties is regular/I got a magazine to press to your bodies like editors/Test me somebody I’m beggina ya/I got the gattling gun like Jesse the body in predator.” (Forget Me Father)
Not Give a Fuck, Brooklyn We Go Hard (remix), A Milli (remix), In My Hood, Breathe, Po Po, Forget Me Father, Keeping it Gangster (remix), Change You or Change Me, N***az
Best Albums: Ghetto Fabolous, There Is No Competition (mixtape), Real Talk, Street Dreams
Jay-Z
Character description: Jay-Z is the best rapper of all time. If anybody disagrees, that person reveals his stupidity. Any intelligent person who listens to rap will agree with me. If you tell me you think Jay-Z isn’t the best, I treat that as proof that you’re not smart. He’s a genius. This section’s going to take a while. There are so many insanely good Jay-Z lyrics that I don’t even know where to start and if I tried capturing it all I’d type up numerous page of lyrics, so the lyrics will just be great lyrics I don’t think you’d have heard, and the greatest songs will be a list of amazing songs for you to listen to.
Sample lyrics:
“Hustle cane, hustle clothes or hustle music/But hustle hard in any hustle that you pick/Skinny ni**a, toothpick/Yes, but I do lift/Weight like I”m using/Roids, Rolls/Royce keep my movements/Smooth while maneuvering through all the manure and the sewer that I grew up in” (No Hook)
“That’s him, I’m usually what they whisper bout/Either what chick he with or his chipper mouth/Cuz I been doing this since Chips was out/Watching Erik Estrada bagging up at the Ramada/Table full of powder/A.C. broke bout to take another shower in my 25th hour.” (Ignorant Shit)
“Your worst fears confirmed/Me and my fam roll tight like The Firm/Getting down for life/That’s right you better learn/Why play with fire, burn/We do dirt like worms/Produce g’s like sperms/Till legs spread like worms/I got extensive hoes with expensive clothes/And I sip fine wine and spit vintage flows/What, ya’ll don’t know?” (Can’t knock the hustle)
“Hospital days, reflected on my man laid up/On the uptown high block he got his side sprayed up/I saw his life slipping/This is a minor set back yo still in all we living/Just dream about the get-back/That made him smile, though his eyes said pray for me/I’ll do you one better and slay these ni***s faithfully.” (Dead Presidents II)
“Whoever said illegal was the easy way out/Couldn’t understand the mechanics and the workings of the underworld/Granted, nine to five is how you survive/I ain’t trying to survive/I’m trying to live it to the limit and love it a lot.” (D’Evils)
“We used to fight for building blocks, now we fight for blocks with buildings that make a killing/The closest of friends when we first started/But grew apart as the money grew, soon grew black-hearted/Thinking back, when we first learned to use rubbers/He never learned so in turn I’m kidnapping his baby’s mother.” (D’Evils)
“Stop screaming, you know the demon said it’s best to die/And even if Jehova witness bet he’ll never testify.” (D’Evils)
“True this, these streets teach us to spend our money foolish/Bond with jewelers and watch for intruders/I step it up another level, meditate it like a Buddhist/Recruited lieutenants with dreams of getting cream let’s do this/It gets te-di-ous/So I keep one eye open like C.B.S., you see me stress right?” (Can I Live?)
“Ah father, I brooklyn dodger them/I jack, I rob, I sin/That’s right, I’m Jacky Robinson.” (Brooklyn We Go Hard)
Best songs: Absolute must-listens: Dead Presidents, Dead Presidents II, Heart of the City, Never Change, Renegade, Regrets, Can’t Knock The Hustle, Brooklyn’s Finest, Feelin’ It, D’Evils, Can I Live?, U Don’t Know, All I Need, Izzo (H.O.V.A.)
Merely great songs: It’s Like That, Reservoir Dogs, The Watcher 2, What More Can I Say, Encore, Dirt Off Your Shoulder, Allure
Songs worth listening to when you’re looking for Jay-Z songs that slipped under your radar: Hola Hovito, no Hook, Ignorant Shit, Song Cry, This Can’t Be Life, Soon You’ll Understand, You must love me, Lucky Me, Where I’m From, If I Should Die, Reservoir Dogs, his verse on the remix of Talib Kweli’s “Get by”
Best Albums: Reasonable Doubt (in my mind the best rap album of each time by a wide margin), Blueprint, Black Album, Vol. 2 Hard Knock Life
Ghostface Killah
Character Description: Ghostface is the craziest of the best rappers ever. Half his shit doesn’t make sense and you kind of just admire the creativity of somebody putting together a bunch of words that you don’t understand in a way that seems to make sense. He’s the quintessential Wutang rapper, which is to say that of the Dadaists of rap he’s the most Dada.
Best lyrics: “Why is sky blue? Why is water wet? Why did Judas rap to the Romans while Jesus slept?” (4th Chamber)
“Supercalifragilisticexpialidcoious, dociousalexpifragilisticcalisuper, Cancun catch me in the room eating grouper.” (Buck 50)
“Hey yo, the devil planted seeds inside the black babies/50 cent sodas in the hood we going crazy.” (Supreme Clientele)
” I play hard for nine innings, dressed in fine linens/Cuz pussy is the best next thing besides women/All the positions I been in couldn’t explain how I’m living/My vision, my intuition has risen here take a listen/I’m hitting, up to bat with position/See I’m back in the kitchen, slinging crack to these pigeons/For the fact that I’m driven/My linebackers is pitching (?)/See me back ???/Trapped in this prison where snakes and rats are forbidden/Keep my gun hidden/N****z is bitching signing petitions/And they providing convictions/See I survive through the system under the livest conditions/My riders ride on a mission/For snitching you get your back blown right out of commission/You’ll be missing like them crazy Christians and swimming with all the fishes/Your missus will come and visit your body with hugs and kisses/Now tell me is that nutritious/We party for chips and liquours/Your ??? is coming with us for real kid they bought me presents/The difference is that this is business big biscuits big figures/We click on religious n***az for acting too superstitious.” (Tony/Montana). This is a Cormega song but I really think this is the best verse in rap history. The tightness of the flow, the ability to sustain the same rhyme for so long, and the content itself is all excellent. A must-listen
Best songs: Tony/Montana, Holla, Shakey Dog, Kilo, Jellyfish, Whip You With A Strap, Underwater, Nutmeg, One, Apollo Kids
Best Albums: Supreme Clientele, Fishscale. Both of these are top 15 albums of all time. Ghostface has a lot of great stuff, but if you listen to these two albums you’ll get pretty much all the good Ghostface content.
Eminem
Character description: Do you really need this? White rapper, shocking personality, yada yada. Amazing technical rapper, shocking personality, etc. Like Fabolous, he’s great at doing multiple-syllabic rhyming and keeping the structure.
Best lyrics: (pay attention here to the last two sounds of each line): “Peace to Thurston Howell and Waylon Wordsworth/My mother smoked crack and had a premature birth/I’m just a nerd cursed with badly disturbed nerds/Who want to be the one to step up and get served first?/99% of aliens prefer earth/So I’m here to rule the planet, starting with your turf/I hid a secret message inside of a word search/With smeared letters running together in blurred spurts/I hang with male chauvinist pigs and perverts/Who point water pistols at women and squirt shirts/Been a bad boy since diapers and Gerber’s/My first words were bleep bleep and curse curse/Never had shit and I still don’t deserve dirt/My breath still stinks and I’m on my 3rd Certs/Yanking out my stitches, hollering nurse, nurse!/You said the shots would numb it, trick it just hurts worse!/Grew up in a dump next door to a burned church/Where gunshots drowned out crickets and bird chirps” (Frestyle 10, from the Freestyle Manual at datpiff.com)
“”Follow me and do exactly what the song says/smoke weed, take pills, drop outta school, kill people/and drink and jump behind the wheel like it was still legal/…..Some people only see that I”m white, ignoring skill/Cuz I stand out like a green hat with an orange bill….Will someone please explain to my brain that I just severed a main vein with a chainsaw and I’m in pain?/I take a breather and sigh; either I’m high, or I’m nuts/Cuz if you ain’t tilting this room, neither am I/So when you see your mom with a thermometer shoved in her ass/Then it’s probably obvious I got it on with her.” (Role Model)
“I got so many ways to diss you that I’m playful with you/I let a razor slit you till they’ll have to staple stitch you/And everybody in this fucking place will miss you if you try to turn my facial tissue into a racial issue/Nobody’s feeling you, you’re a wack liar. There, now all your white jokes just backfired/You’re barking up the wrong tree, now go back home and tell all your homes that you was beat by a honky.” (Rap olympics final, have no idea where I found this)
Best songs: Rock Bottom, If I Had, Role Model, Just Don’t Give a Fuck, Criminal, Rabbit Run, Square Dance, Dead Wrong (techincally a Biggie song), I’m Back, Marshall Mathers, Say Goodbye to Hollywood, White America, Business,
Best Albums: Slim Shady LP, Marshall Mathers LP, Eminem Show
Lil Wayne
Character description: Lil Wayne is now famous and a huge star. But Lil Wayne’s fame has come at a time when he’s putting out his worst stuff by far. The Carter III marked his turning pop and singing a bunch of autotune garbage, but from the release of the Carter II until the Carter III Lil Wayne was arguably the best and most creative rapper around. He put out a ridiculous amount of amazing mixtapes with his two series, The Dedication and Da Drought. So while he’s famous, his best stuff is largely unnoticed by most people. The following suggestions don’t do Lil Wayne justice because for a year and a half he was putting out an insanely large amount of truly brilliant stuff. Lyrically tight with a touch of lunacy and creative genius, the vast majority of those mixtape series is classic stuff.
Sample lyrics: “Photophobia, no kodak moments/Fed walls with my pictures on them/No, I ain’t even in my school yearbook I don’t do too much posing got a cool killer look.” (Carter II)
“And guess who came home? Ronnie the old g/He still on papers, man we never free/And for my homie Street I’m a twist one up/He can’t even hit the kush he gotta piss in a cup” (Down and Out Freestyle)
“So hard I go, I keep pushing/The game so crazy I’m in it like deep pussy/Got crumbs from trying to get the whole cookie/Used to make a thousand dollars every time I played hookie/Dwayne Carter, absent keep looking/I’m present on the block I’m a legend on the block…So watch and see what I do/Breeze by you so fast, got you sneezing ha-choo/They got the shivers, man I got the fever/I gotta bring the hood back after Katrina/Weezy F. Baby now the F is for Fema/Sick n****a bitch I spit that leukemia.” (Feel Me)
“They call me Mr. Carter, I kiss the daughter/of the dead’s forehead, I killed the father…I remember being young, trying to hustle my dope/Trying to tell the old junkies that my crack ain’t sold/Trying to tell you before you jump that my Mac ain’t broke/You ain’t trying to see how far back that back lane (???) go/No, call me Pacman your ghost is blue, I get my red river rubies and my ocean blue/Jewelry, usually I’m a hooligan for the money/Yeah I’m eating but I got a tapeworm in my tummy.” (Fly In)
“Walking the line with a lot on my mind/I get the money never dropping a dime/I don’t hate never not on my time/I put that little red dot on your mind/Talking that crime but a lot of them lying/I’m caught on the grind never get off my grind/I’m a pimp to these hoes not a pimp in my mind/and everybody knows I’m sharp when I ride/Hop out that new Ferrari with that little heart on the side.” (Get Em)
“You know I’m a die for my motherfucking n****as/Most likely I’m a die with my finger ont he trigger/They tell me don’t get high and I should try to make a living/I tell them I’m a hustler and I’d rather make a killing/My eyes is so white they should rise in the skillet/I let my bitch bag it if she spill it I’m a kill her/I bulletproof the ride now I feel like armadillos/And fuck your hospital young money we the illest…Self-made g and the bitches know the business/Relying on rap but in the kitchen I’m a chemist/And when I was 5 my favorite movie was the Gremlins/Ain’t got shit to do with this but I just thought that I should mention/You looking for divine with a little intervention/And the birds don’t fly without my permission/I’m probably in the sky flying with the fishes/Or maybe in the ocean swimming with the pigeons/See my world is different.” (Sky’s the Limit)
Best songs: Feel Me,Fly In, Get Em, Sky’s the Limit, On My Own, Hustler Musik, Money on My Mind, I Feel Like Dying, Scarface, Cannon (AMG remix), Carter II, Freestyle (from DaDrought 3), Spitter, Mr. Carter, A Milli, 3Peat.
Best Albums: The Carter II, Da Drought 2, Dedication 2, Da Drought 3 (and pretty much the whole Da Drought series except for Da Drought 5).
Big L
Character Description: Big L is the father of all technical rappers. Although old-school and slept on because his voice makes his raps hard to listen to, there’s no doubt that he was well ahead of his time in terms of wordplay and flow.
Sample Lyrics: “You know the gameplan/C-town that’s my main man/We never bring luggage we go shopping when the plane lands/Still run with the same clan used to be a Kane fan/Everything I rock is name brand/L’ll make your dame swallow/Your ice don’t shine and your chain’s hollow/Why you front of clubs for hours with the same bottle?/Taking midget sips I ride with the richest cliques/Tap the thickest chicks/Plus drop the slickest hits/you know nothing about L, so why doubt L/What’s this motherfucking rap game without L?/Hey yo that’s like jewels without ice/That’s like China without rice/Or the holy bible without christ/Or the bulls without Mike/Or crackheads without pipes/The village without dikes or hockey games without fights.” (The Big Picture Intro)
“I got more riches than you/Fuck more bitches than you/Only thing I haven’t got is more stitches than you/Fucking punk, you ain’t a leader what?/Nobody follow you/You was never shit, your mother should have swallowed you…/Put your raggedy house up/Or shut your mouth up/Before I buck lead/and make a lot of blood shed/Turn your tux red/I’m far from broke got enough bread/And mad hoes ask Beavis I get nothing but head/My game is vicious and cruel/Fucking chicks is the rule/If my girl think I’m loyal then that bitch is a fool.” (’98 Freestyle)
Best songs: ‘98 Freestyle, The Big Picture (Intro), MVP, Let ‘Em Have It “L”, Danger Zone, MVP, The Heist, Deadly Combination, Ebonics,
Best Albums: Lifestyles ov Da Poor and Dangerous, The Big Picture
Big Pun
Character Description: Big Pun’s career was struck short when he died of fatness, but in his brief time on the map he dropped he changed the game. Nobody ever had such a sick, tight flow while still being very clever.
Sample lyrics: “Ready for war Joe, how you wanna blow they spot/I know these dirty cops that’ll get us in if we murder some wop/Jump in your hummer, the punisher’s ready/Meet me at Vito’s with Noodles, we’ll do this while he’s slurping spaghetti/Everybody kiss the fucking floor, Joe Crack, buck em all/If they move, noodles shoot that fucking whore/Dead in the middle of LIttle Italy little did we know that we riddled some middleman who didn’t do diddly.” (Twinz [Deep Cover '98])
If you listen to that song and don’t love Big Pun, there’s no point in giving you any other sample lyrics. It’s almost impossible to encapsulate his greatness with just a few choice quotes because what made him so great is his ability to just flow non-stop fast rhymes and I don’t know where to start, so I’ll just give you some songs to listen to.
Best Songs: Twinz (Deep Cover ‘98), You Ain’t A Killer, Super Lyrical, Boomerang, John Blaze, Not A Player (not to be confused with his hit single Still not a player)
Best Album: Capital Punishment
Cam’ron
Character description: You could argue that no rapper reaches higher highs than does Cam’ron. His flow is crazy and a lot of the stuff he says is basically indecipherable, but he’s more of a free-associative rambler than a rapper. Still, his freeform approach to rap pays off greatly oftentimes. He’s the Mahbod Moghadam of rap.
Sample lyrics: We tie dynamite to the rhino type (?)/Wino might find your sight/Sell that information for a dime of white/That china china/I’m behind a diner/Selling marijuana to a minor minor/Elder fella/Looking for that shine, I’ll shine ya/My mind designa/You a dime, I dine ya/Madonna momma/boddy bottle/Your fine I’m finer/Time to climb her/Climb behind vagina/Then I hyman grind her/Till I might remind her/Diamonds blind her/Vision’s gone/Kiss her palm/Turn her on/Lift her arm/Notice that her wrists is wrong/Gotta get it right ma/We gon’ get along/Said how don’t trip, but yo to trick is wrong.” (Harlem Streets)
“Street mergers I legislated, The nerve I never hated/All murder’s premeditated/Absurd I hesitated/Observe, cock and spray/Hit you from a block away/Drinking sake on the Suzuki we in Osaka bay.” (Down and Out)
“The difference in our crimes, yours attempts/Attempt burglary, attempt theft you just begun/I’m grand theft auto, racqueteer, larceny, conspiracy/Murder one, electric chair i don’t deserve the fun/But I get the dough, shit I might splurge on one.” (Leave me alone pt. 2)
“”Canary burgandy/I call it lemon red/Yellow diamonds in my ear/Call em lemonheads/Lemonhead end up dead/Ice like guinea pig/Gemstones, flinstones/You could say I’m friends with Fred/You want happy scrappy/I got pataki at me/Bitches say I’m tacky daddy/Range look like Laffy Taffy.” ( Killa Cam)
“They biting like Tyson, worse than that Dracula/your mom buys heron, with no hands I”m smacking her.” (Cooking up)
Best Songs: Glory, 357,Harlem Streets, Down and Out, SDE, Get Em Girls, That’s Me, Welcome to New york City, Cookin’ Up
Best Albums: Confessions of Fire, Purple Haze, SDE
That’s It For Artists
I know I’ll get some crap for leaving out Biggie. I think Biggie is the 2nd best rapper ever behind Jay-Z, but I don’t think I have much value added in terms of highlighting his amazingness. If you haven’t listened to Ready to Die, do it. But most of you have heard most of Biggie’s good stuff.
Nas is a tricky case. Illmatic is a top 10 album of all time, but everything he’s done since then is so wretchedly bad and annoyingly self-delusional and convoluted that I can’t give him credit. I actually think Cormega probably wrote most of Illmatic because the second Cormega and Nas had a falling out Nas fell to shit.
I wanted to write about Outkast, but their stuff is too hard to explain. Andre 3000 is definitely a top-10 rapper of all time. Listen to Aquemini and ATLiens sometime to get you started on them.
Jadakiss also gets honorary mention but he never quite got over the hump of just being somewhat clever but having an awkward flow. Listen to him once you get past the previously mentioned artists.
Miscellaneous amazing songs to listen to:
The Saga (Cormega): I think one of the 10 best rap songs of all time.
Never Change (AZ): A gem of a song by AZ, who had the potential to be an all-time great but just never lived up to it
New York State of Mind (Nas): A classic, you should know this one
Life’s A Bitch (Nas): Only worth listening to because of AZ’s first verse, which I think is a top-5 verse in rap history.
What’s The Difference (Dr. Dre): Just another amazing Eminem verse to listen to
Today Was A Good Day (Ice Cube): Classic single, a bit dated but a must-listen.
Okay, I’m exhausted and at almost 4500 words so that’ll have to do for now. Please feel free to note any glaring omissions in comments, but keep in mind I was trying to give an introductory survey to my favorite rappers ever and I obviously couldn’t list every great lyric any one of them ever spat. I’ll try to think of more great stuff.
As a final thought, listen to Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers) sometime.